Melalui tulisan ini, saya ingin mengajak kalian untuk berkunjung kesalah satu kawasan cagar alam dan Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum yang terletak diujung propinsi Kalimantan Barat, tepatnya di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kecamatan Batang Lupar, selimbau, badau, suhaid, jongkong dan semitau. Luas danau ini kira-kira 132.000 hektar, selain sebagai kawasan konservasi, danau ini juga merupakan kawasan tujuan wisata andalan kabupaten kapuas hulu yang sangat potensial dan menarik karena menyimpan begitu banyak misteri alam dan habitat air tawar.
Danau Sentarum merupakan kawasan alam yang menakjubkan, terbentuk secara tektonik jutaan tahun lalu. Berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan cadangan air Sungai Kapuas dimana saat musim hujan, sebagai penampung air dan pensuplai air saat kemarau sehingga dapat menjaga stabilitas air sungai kapuas. Sebagai pengatur air; apabila terjadi pasang di perhuluan, air pasang tersebut terlebih dahulu mengisi Danau Sentarum sehingga mencegah banjir yang berkepanjangan.
Sumber Fhoto : Humas Pemda KH
Spesies Air Tawar Paling Lengkap di Dunia
Danau Sentarum adalah danau air tawar, merupakan habitat unik air tawar yang memungkinkan hidupnya spesies-spesies ikan, sehingga Danau Sentarum memiliki keanekaragaman ikan air tawar yang tinggi dan paling lengkap di dunia dan sebagian spesies yang ada adalah indegeneous endemik. Sebagai tempat berkembang biaknya ikan yang datang dari berbagai sungai yang ada di Kalbar. Danau Sentarum juga memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang tinggi khususnya jenis-jenis hutan rawa tropika berikut satwa-satwanya.
Obyek Penelitian dan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Karena keunikannya tersebut, TN. Danau Sentarum telah menjadi obyek penelitian menarik sebagai sumber ilmu pengetahuan yang menantang, mulai dari keunikan alam dan kekhasan fungsinya serta keanekaragaman hayati yang ada di dalamnya
Budaya Lokal yang Unik
Sebagai kawasan yang kaya akan potensi sumber daya alam, Danau Sentarum juga tempat tinggal masyarakat dari berbagai suku di Kapuas Hulu yang hidup sebagai nelayan, pemungut hasil hutan yaitu Kayu, Madu, Damar, Rotan dan sebagainya. Karena merupakan kawasan konservasi, masyarakat mulai memanfaatkan sumber daya alam secara lestari seperti petani kerambah ikan, pengelolaan ikan Arwana secara lestari, cara pemanenan hasil madu yang disebut tikung dan sebagainya. Ada satu pola hidup yang unik para nelayan yang berdiam dan mencari ikan didanau-danau ini, sebagian besar dari mereka bukan penduduk asli perkampungan danau, tapi berasal dari kecamatan-kecamatan terdekat seperti selimbau, badau, lanjak, semitau, suhaid, piasak. Banyak diantara mereka yang hanya datang pada saat tangkapan ikan cukup memuaskan atau pada musim kemarau, dan kembali lagi ketempat asal mereka ketika air sudah mulai pasang yang artinya ikan-ikan sudah mulai sulit untuk didapat, tapi ada juga yang sudah permanen dalam membudidayakan ikan melalui keramba dan mereka inilah yang kemudian membentuk perkampungan-perkampungan nelayan yang lumayan ramai seperti sekulat, leboyan, dll. dan hampir 99% diantara mereka adalah suku melayu yang memang mata pencaharian mereka adalah diair, tidak seperti suku dayak yang mengusahakan tanah sebagai kebun dan ladang.
Suku Dayak Iban
Sumber Kehidupan
Karena kekayaan potensi sumber daya alam tersebut, TN. Danau Sentarum merupakan sumber kehidupan, bukan saja bagi satwa yang hidup di dalamnya, tetapi juga manusia/penduduk yang hidup dan tergantung sepenuhnya terhadap TN. Danau Sentarum. TN. Danau Sentarum membentuk suatu ekosistem unik, kompleks sekaligus rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan, dimana manusia sebagai bagian dari ekosistem tersebut berperanan sangat menentukan stabilitas ekosistem TN. Danau Sentarum
Pulau Melayu dari kejauhan
Sebagai Kawasan Cadangan Air untuk Prop. Kalbar
TN. Danau Sentarum merupakan kawasan penampung air untuk Propinsi Kalimantan Barat maksudnya adalah sebagai cadangan air, apabila debit air sungai Kapuas menurun, maka air yang ada di danau Sentarum mengalir ke Sungai Kapuas, sehingga debit/suplai air tetap terjaga/ stabil untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Sebaliknya pada saat akhir kemarau dimana cadangan air di sungai menurun, ketika hujan/banjir maka air mengisi Kawasan Danau Sentarum terlebih dahulu sehingga tidak terjadi banjir di daerah hilirnya. Di daerah perhuluan pun tidak mengalami banjir yang lama. Karena fungsinya yang demikian unik inilah keberadaan danau sentarum sangat dipandang penting pelestariannya, karena bisa dikatakan supply air tawar khususnya yang mengalir dari sungai kapuas tergantung dari bendungan alam ini.
Tumbuhan dan Hewan
Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan satwa yang kompleks, diantaranya adalah tumbuhan rawa yang sebagian sudah terancam punah seperti ramin, jelutung, tembesu dan sebagainya. Khusus satwa, taman nasional ini kaya akan spesies ikan air tawar dan menjadi sumber mata penaharian nelayan sekitar. Satwa lainnya adalah spesies lokal yang endemik seperti bangau tongtong, buaya, ikan arwana yang keberadaannya di alam asli sudah mulai langka.
Danau yang terbentuk pada zaman es atau periode pleistosen ini memiliki kekayaan flora dan fauna yang luar biasa dan tak dimiliki daerah lain. Tumbuhannya saja ada 510 spesies dan 33 spesies di antaranya endemik TNDS, termasuk 10 spesies di antaranya merupakan spesies baru.
Hewan mamalia di TNDS ada 141 spesies. Sekitar 29 spesies di antaranya spesies endemik, dan 64 persen hewan mamalia itu endemik Borneo. Terdapat 266 spesies ikan, sekitar 78 persen di antaranya merupakan ikan endemik air tawar Borneo.
Tak cuma itu keunikan TNDS. Di danau ini terdapat reptil sebanyak 26 spesies dan burung 310 spesies, sekitar 13 spesies di antaranya merupakan burung endemik.
Tak heran, dengan berbagai keunikan ini TNDS ditetapkan sebagai warisan kekayaan dunia yang tak ternilai harganya. Tak ada lahan lain di dunia yang memiliki keunikan seperti Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum. Walaupun banyak terdapat lahan gambut di Kalimantan Barat (Kalbar), namun sebagian besar berusia muda sekitar 2.000-7.000 tahun, sedangkan yang tertua satu-satunya hanya TNDS.
AKSESIBILITAS
Bagi yang tertarik untuk merasakan petualangan yang sebenarnya, menyusuri danau-danau besar dan kecil yang terhubung dengan danau sentarum, melihat kehidupan nelayan, keragaman satwa dan fauna saya merekomendasikan jalur transportasi yang dapat anda ikuti, sayangnya bahwa disini belum ada travel yang khusus mengurusi perjalanan wisata menuju tempat ini.
- Jalur Darat : Dari Pontianak menuju Semitau, selanjutnya menggunakan speed board 40 PK ke Danau Sentarum selama kurang lebih 1,5 Jam.
- Jalur Darat : Dari Pontianak menuju Kuching, selanjutnya dari Kuching ke Lubuk Antu yaitu di Perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia selama kurang lebih 3,5 jam kendaran darat.
- Dari Lubuk Antu (Malaysia) menuju Lanjak (Indonesia) yang merupakan ibukota kecamatan yang berada di tepi Danau Sentarum.
Nah, menarik bukan?..saya sendiri sudah beberapa kali melewati kawasan ini, terakhir kali tahun 2003. Rasanya sungguh menakjubkan karena boleh dibilang kawasan ini dihubungkan oleh danau-danau yang terpusat di danau luar, sepanjang perjalanan kamu akan melihat perkampungan nelayan yang dihubungkan oleh jembatan kayu karena apabila debit airnya tinggi permukaan tanahnya tenggelam dan yang unik lagi bahwa banyak diantara mereka tinggal di rumah-rumah mengapung agar lebih memudahkan untuk memelihara ikan dalam keramba dan juga agar fleksibel mengikuti debit air.
Di danau terkenal musim ulang uli, yaitu sejenis ikan hias yang memiliki nilai jual cukup tinggi dan biasanya ada musim tertentu ikan ini mudik dalam jumlah yang besar, dan itu adalah saat-saat yang paling ditunggu-tunggu oleh para nelayan setempat dan juga pemburu ikan hias ini,biasanya dalam sehari jika mujur mereka bisa mendapatkan ratusan ribu rupiah sampai jutaan ribu rupiah tergantung dari hasil yang didapat dari hasil menjual ikan ini pada pengumpul.
Sumber Fhoto : Blog Borneo Paradise (pak Acui Simanjaya)
Kalau beruntung kita bisa menyaksikan aktivitas sehari-hari nelayan setempat dalam mengolah hasil tangkapannya menjadi beberapa produk olahan ikan yang kapuas hulu terkenal sebagai sumber ikan air tawar untuk kalimantan barat.
Ditengah-tengah danau itu ada sebuah pulau yang diberi nama pulau melayu, dan disitu ada sebuah pesanggrahan dan sebuah cungkup batu yang dipercayai penduduk setempat sebagai putri melayu yang melarikan diri saat perang suku..kalau kamu berdoa ditempat itu maka permintaan kamu akan dikabulkan katanya. Tapi karena bagi saya pribadi, saya anggap itu hanya mitos sebagai penambah daya tarik saja, satu hal yang pasti pemandangan dari atas pulau itu sangat menakjubkan, kamu bisa melihat seluruh danau sentarum dari atas, dan perbukitan yang melingkupinya.
Sentarum Lake National Park
Through this paper, I would like to invite you to visit the region to one of nature reserves and National Parks are located tip of Lake Sentarum West Kalimantan province, precisely in Kapuas Hulu District Batang Lupar, selimbau, Badau, suhaid, jongkong and semitau. Area of lake is approximately 132 000 hectares, other than as a conservation area, this lake is also a tourist destination area upstream of Kapuas district mainstay of potential growth and attractive because it holds so many mysteries of nature and freshwater habitats.
Sentarum Lake is a stunning natural area, tectonically formed millions of years ago. Serve to control and water reserves in the Kapuas River where during the rainy season, as a container of water and supplying water when dry so as to maintain stability Kapuas river water. As the regulator of water in case of pairs in perhuluan, the first high tide filling Lake Sentarum thereby preventing prolonged flooding.
Freshwater Species of the World's Most Complete
Sentarum Lake is a freshwater lake, is a unique habitat that allows freshwater species of fish life, so Lake Sentarum freshwater fish diversity is high and most comprehensive in the world and some species are endemic indegeneous. As breeding grounds for fish that come from various river in West Kalimantan. Sentarum Lake also has a high plant diversity, especially the kinds of animals following tropical swamp forest-satwanya.
Object of Research and Science
Because of the uniqueness, TN. Sentarum Lake has become the object of research interest as a source of knowledge that challenges, ranging from natural uniqueness and distinctiveness of its functions and biodiversity is in it
Unique Local Culture
As a region rich in natural resources, Lake Sentarum also shelter the public from various tribes in Kapuas Hulu living as fishermen, collectors of forest products are timber, honey, resin, rattan, and so forth. Because it is a conservation area, people began to use natural resources sustainably, such as farmers kerambah fish, arowana fish, sustainable management, harvesting the honey-called tikung and so forth. There is a unique lifestyle of the fishermen who lived and didanau-fishing this lake, most of them non-indigenous settlement of the lake, but came from nearby districts such as selimbau, Badau, Lanjak, semitau, suhaid, piasak. Many of those who only come on when fish catches are satisfactory or in the dry season, and return them to the place of origin when the water has begun to install which means the fish have started to be difficult to obtain, but some are already permanent in the cultivation of fish through the cage and these are then formed village-pretty fishing village is crowded like sekulat, leboyan, etc.. and almost 99% of them are ethnic Malay is their livelihood is diair, unlike the Dayak tribes who seek land as gardens and fields.
Source of Life
Because of the potential wealth of natural resources, TN. Sentarum Lake is the source of life, not only for animals that live in it, but also human / people who live and depend entirely on the TN. Lake Sentarum. TN. Lake Sentarum form a unique ecosystem, the complex at once vulnerable to environmental change, where human beings as part of a very decisive role that ecosystem ecosystem stability TN. Lake Sentarum
Sentarum Lake National Park
Through this paper, I would like to invite you to visit the region to one of nature reserves and National Parks are located tip of Lake Sentarum West Kalimantan province, precisely in Kapuas Hulu District Batang Lupar, selimbau, Badau, suhaid, jongkong and semitau. Area of lake is approximately 132 000 hectares, other than as a conservation area, this lake is also a tourist destination area upstream of Kapuas district mainstay of potential growth and attractive because it holds so many mysteries of nature and freshwater habitats.
Sentarum Lake is a stunning natural area, tectonically formed millions of years ago. Serve to control and water reserves in the Kapuas River where during the rainy season, as a container of water and supplying water when dry so as to maintain stability Kapuas river water. As the regulator of water in case of pairs in perhuluan, the first high tide filling Lake Sentarum thereby preventing prolonged flooding.
Freshwater Species of the World's Most Complete
Sentarum Lake is a freshwater lake, is a unique habitat that allows freshwater species of fish life, so Lake Sentarum freshwater fish diversity is high and most comprehensive in the world and some species are endemic indegeneous. As breeding grounds for fish that come from various river in West Kalimantan. Sentarum Lake also has a high plant diversity, especially the kinds of animals following tropical swamp forest-satwanya.
Object of Research and Science
Because of the uniqueness, TN. Sentarum Lake has become the object of research interest as a source of knowledge that challenges, ranging from natural uniqueness and distinctiveness of its functions and biodiversity is in it
Unique Local Culture
As a region rich in natural resources, Lake Sentarum also shelter the public from various tribes in Kapuas Hulu living as fishermen, collectors of forest products are timber, honey, resin, rattan, and so forth. Because it is a conservation area, people began to use natural resources sustainably, such as farmers kerambah fish, arowana fish, sustainable management, harvesting the honey-called tikung and so forth. There is a unique lifestyle of the fishermen who lived and didanau-fishing this lake, most of them non-indigenous settlement of the lake, but came from nearby districts such as selimbau, Badau, Lanjak, semitau, suhaid, piasak. Many of those who only come on when fish catches are satisfactory or in the dry season, and return them to the place of origin when the water has begun to install which means the fish have started to be difficult to obtain, but some are already permanent in the cultivation of fish through the cage and these are then formed village-pretty fishing village is crowded like sekulat, leboyan, etc.. and almost 99% of them are ethnic Malay is their livelihood is diair, unlike the Dayak tribes who seek land as gardens and fields.
Source of Life
Because of the potential wealth of natural resources, TN. Sentarum Lake is the source of life, not only for animals that live in it, but also human / people who live and depend entirely on the TN. Lake Sentarum. TN. Lake Sentarum form a unique ecosystem, the complex at once vulnerable to environmental change, where human beings as part of a very decisive role that ecosystem ecosystem stability TN. Lake Sentarum
As for Prop Area Water Reserves. Kalbar
TN. Sentarum Lake is a reservoir of water for the region of West Kalimantan province as a backup means of water, if the Kapuas river discharge decreases, then the water in the lake Sentarum flowing into Kapuas River, so that the discharge / supply water to stay awake / stable for a specified period. Conversely at the dry end where the water reserve in the river decreases, when the rain / flood of water to fill Lake Area Sentarum advance so there is no flooding in downstream areas. In areas experiencing flooding perhuluan was not long. Because its function is the existence of such a unique lake is considered important Sentarum conserve, because it can be said of freshwater supply, especially that flows from the Kapuas river depends on this natural dam. Plants and Animals
Sentarum Lake National Park has a diversity of plants and animals are complex, such as marsh plants which some already endangered species such as ramin, jelutung, tembesu and so forth. Special wildlife, national parks are rich in species of freshwater fish and a source of eye penaharian fishermen around. Other animals are native species that are endemic such as tom-tom crane, crocodile, arowana fish, whose presence in the original nature already scarce.
The lake is formed in the Ice Age or Pleistocene period has a wealth of flora and fauna are outstanding and not owned by other regions. Tumbuhannya there are 510 species and 33 species are endemic TNDS, including 10 species of which are new species.
There TNDS mammals in 141 species. About 29 species of these endemic species, and 64 percent of the endemic mammals of Borneo. There are 266 species of fish, about 78 percent of which is a freshwater fish endemic to Borneo.
Not only that uniqueness TNDS. In this lake there were 26 species of reptiles and 310 species of birds, about 13 species of which are endemic birds.
No wonder, with this unique TNDS designated as world heritage property that is priceless. No other land in the world that have such uniqueness Sentarum Lake National Park. Although there are many peatlands in West Kalimantan (Kalbar), but most of the young age of about 2000-7000 years, while the oldest one just TNDS.
ACCESSIBILITY
For those who are interested to experience the real adventure, along large lakes and small lakes connected with Sentarum, see the fisherman's life, the diversity of wildlife and fauna I recommend the transportation routes that you can follow, unfortunately, that here there is no special travel deal travel toward this place.
- Land Line: From Pontiac to Semitau, then use speed boards to Lake Sentarum 40 PK for approximately 1.5 hrs.
- Land Line: From Pontianak to Kuching, then from Kuching to Lubuk Antu of the Border Indonesia Malaysia for approximately 3.5 hours overland vehicle.
- From Lubuk Antu (Malaysia) to Lanjak (Indonesia), which is the capital district located on the shores of Lake Sentarum.
Well, interesting is not it? .. I myself have several times through the region, the last time in 2003. It was so amazing because arguably the region linked by a central lakes in the lake outside, along the way you will see the fishing village are connected by wooden bridges due to high water flow when the soil surface and a unique sink again that many of them stay at home float-house to make it easier to keep the fish in cages and also to flexibly follow the flow of water. In the famous lake re-Uli season, which is a kind of ornamental fish that have a high selling value and usually there is a certain season of this fish back and forth in large numbers, and it is a moment of the most eagerly awaited by local fishermen and hunters also ornamental fish This, usually within a day if lucky they can get hundreds of thousands to millions of thousands of dollars depending on the results obtained from selling the fish is on the collector.
If lucky we can watch the daily activities of local fishermen in processing their catch a few fish processed products upstream of Kapuas famous as a source of freshwater fish to the west kalimantan. In the midst of the lake there is an island that is named the island of Malay, and there is a rest house and a stone cupola trusted locals as the daughter who fled when malay ethnic war .. if you pray on the ground then your request will be granted he said. But as for me personally, I consider it just a myth as an addition to the attraction only, one thing is for sure the view from the island's pretty amazing, you can see the whole lake Sentarum from above, and the surrounding hills.
TN. Sentarum Lake is a reservoir of water for the region of West Kalimantan province as a backup means of water, if the Kapuas river discharge decreases, then the water in the lake Sentarum flowing into Kapuas River, so that the discharge / supply water to stay awake / stable for a specified period. Conversely at the dry end where the water reserve in the river decreases, when the rain / flood of water to fill Lake Area Sentarum advance so there is no flooding in downstream areas. In areas experiencing flooding perhuluan was not long. Because its function is the existence of such a unique lake is considered important Sentarum conserve, because it can be said of freshwater supply, especially that flows from the Kapuas river depends on this natural dam. Plants and Animals
Sentarum Lake National Park has a diversity of plants and animals are complex, such as marsh plants which some already endangered species such as ramin, jelutung, tembesu and so forth. Special wildlife, national parks are rich in species of freshwater fish and a source of eye penaharian fishermen around. Other animals are native species that are endemic such as tom-tom crane, crocodile, arowana fish, whose presence in the original nature already scarce.
The lake is formed in the Ice Age or Pleistocene period has a wealth of flora and fauna are outstanding and not owned by other regions. Tumbuhannya there are 510 species and 33 species are endemic TNDS, including 10 species of which are new species.
There TNDS mammals in 141 species. About 29 species of these endemic species, and 64 percent of the endemic mammals of Borneo. There are 266 species of fish, about 78 percent of which is a freshwater fish endemic to Borneo.
Not only that uniqueness TNDS. In this lake there were 26 species of reptiles and 310 species of birds, about 13 species of which are endemic birds.
No wonder, with this unique TNDS designated as world heritage property that is priceless. No other land in the world that have such uniqueness Sentarum Lake National Park. Although there are many peatlands in West Kalimantan (Kalbar), but most of the young age of about 2000-7000 years, while the oldest one just TNDS.
ACCESSIBILITY
For those who are interested to experience the real adventure, along large lakes and small lakes connected with Sentarum, see the fisherman's life, the diversity of wildlife and fauna I recommend the transportation routes that you can follow, unfortunately, that here there is no special travel deal travel toward this place.
- Land Line: From Pontiac to Semitau, then use speed boards to Lake Sentarum 40 PK for approximately 1.5 hrs.
- Land Line: From Pontianak to Kuching, then from Kuching to Lubuk Antu of the Border Indonesia Malaysia for approximately 3.5 hours overland vehicle.
- From Lubuk Antu (Malaysia) to Lanjak (Indonesia), which is the capital district located on the shores of Lake Sentarum.
Well, interesting is not it? .. I myself have several times through the region, the last time in 2003. It was so amazing because arguably the region linked by a central lakes in the lake outside, along the way you will see the fishing village are connected by wooden bridges due to high water flow when the soil surface and a unique sink again that many of them stay at home float-house to make it easier to keep the fish in cages and also to flexibly follow the flow of water. In the famous lake re-Uli season, which is a kind of ornamental fish that have a high selling value and usually there is a certain season of this fish back and forth in large numbers, and it is a moment of the most eagerly awaited by local fishermen and hunters also ornamental fish This, usually within a day if lucky they can get hundreds of thousands to millions of thousands of dollars depending on the results obtained from selling the fish is on the collector.
If lucky we can watch the daily activities of local fishermen in processing their catch a few fish processed products upstream of Kapuas famous as a source of freshwater fish to the west kalimantan. In the midst of the lake there is an island that is named the island of Malay, and there is a rest house and a stone cupola trusted locals as the daughter who fled when malay ethnic war .. if you pray on the ground then your request will be granted he said. But as for me personally, I consider it just a myth as an addition to the attraction only, one thing is for sure the view from the island's pretty amazing, you can see the whole lake Sentarum from above, and the surrounding hills.
